The vegetation of Adam’s Peak reflects its varied elevations and climatic conditions:

• Tropical Rainforests: At the lower elevations of the ascent, the tropical rainforests are characterized by dense canopies and high humidity. Dominant tree species include Dipterocarpus and Terminalia, which provide essential habitat and food for a variety of wildlife. The undergrowth is rich with ferns, epiphytic orchids, and bamboo, creating a vibrant and lush environment.
• Montane Forests: As visitors ascend higher, the vegetation transitions into montane forests. Here, trees such as Rhododendron arboreum, Eucalyptus, and Myrica dominate. These forests are cooler and less dense, with moss-covered trunks and a rich layer of liverworts and lichens adding to the forest’s mystical ambiance.
• Grasslands and Scrublands: Near the summit, the vegetation becomes more sparse, with open grasslands and scrublands providing a stark contrast to the dense lower forests. Grasses such as Themeda triandra and Saccharum spontaneum are common in these areas, and hardy shrubs adapt to the harsher conditions.
• Sacred Plants: The pilgrimage routes are often lined with sacred plants and offerings. Cinnamomum and Buddleia asiatica are among the plants used in traditional offerings, adding a cultural dimension to the flora.

Adam’s Peak is also known for its rich butterfly and insect life:

• Sri Lankan Tree Nymph (Idea malabarica): This large and beautifully patterned butterfly is found in the forests and can be spotted fluttering around flowering plants. Its delicate wings and distinctive markings make it a highlight for entomologists.
• Common Rose (Pachliopta aristolochiae): The common rose, with its vibrant red and black coloration, is another striking butterfly found in the region. It is often seen in the lower elevations and forest clearings.

Giant Wood Spider (Nephila pilipes): The giant wood spider, known for its impressive web-building skills and large size, is commonly found in the forests. Its intricate webs and striking appearance make it a notable species in the park’s ecosystem.